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Methods of clustering in the economy - top-down approach and the bottom-up Economically justified is called clustering. bottom-up - buttom-up - zonych matically created by a group of fi rm. However, is becoming increasingly popular to create top-down - top-down - cluster initiatives created by the regional authorities, where specified in the form of regional support vidual innovation strategy play a role contributing factor to increase the competitiveness of the region. Unfortunately, such opportunities must be supported by the tools at their disposal in this regard the local authorities, in particular in terms of clear and precise development strategies blu particular country, region or district and the analysis and evaluation of the potential of the region. It is difficult to opt for one method of clustering, which results from spe- months fi flour and diversity of the region, industry, but also many other soft factors, such as level of education. It is very important that in Poland emerge cluster initiatives launched thanks to the European Union. Although these financial measures conducive di- namicznemu dissemination of this phenomenon, the problem arises of how these measures contribute to the actual development of these initiatives and provided increases the competitiveness of the region. At this point it is worth to look at benchmarking initiatives and German authors striackiej, where the economic situation is similar, and have developed in different ways. Comparison of the two regions in terms of top-down approach and the bottom-up was based on four main factors: the genesis of the formation of clusters and composition of formation of a group of participants, structure, finances and financial decision-making system, the preferred target areas of operation and size of support and consistent effects increase innovation and competitiveness of both regions
Business Process Management - BPM BPM (Business Process Management) is a management approach, whose main objective is to match the organization to customers' needs and involving interlinked stages steps - identification, analysis, modeling, simulation, implementation, commissioning, monitoring and optimization - which is also the main elements of a typical cycle life business processes. The premise is a continuous improvement process, which ensures their accuracy, the ability to better achieve its goals and more competitive company. There are many advantages, despite a solid effort required to implement and maintain such an approach. ◾Identyfikacja - at this stage is carried out to recognize a new or existing business process and its functionality in general terms (the sequence of events, the relationship between them and the owners of events generated and transmitted information) and documentation of the process of using tools, methodologies and notations (such as, for example, BPMN). ◾Analiza and modeling - the preparation of a general definition and description of the business process is carried out a more detailed analysis and complement of previously missing elements and issues relevant to the course, including a set of KPI metrics. ◾Symulacja - this step is verification of the model of business process simulation and process execution metrics KPI calculations - all of these activities help to identify potential problems, bottlenecks, points of focus and improve business process. ◾Realizacja - the modeling of the process and defining metrics may be its practical realization consists in respect of each of its components to support technical solutions (systems and services) - preferably by using service-oriented architecture (Service Oriented Architecture - SOA). ◾Uruchomienie - already ready business process along with supporting technical solutions can be executed and forwarded to end users - this stage includes activities that provide a functioning business process based on technical solutions prepared in advance. ◾Monitorowanie and optimize - acting and used in a business process is not perfect - certainly in use come to light problems, bottlenecks and propose amendments, which could not be predicted in advance - such issues can be captured during continuous observation and verification process metrics KPI. On the basis of observed irregularities may be taken corrective action and optimize - for example, can be both a change in the assumptions and metrics process and also its redesign. If necessary, changes begin another life cycle of a business process and any modifications are introduced, going through all its phases. You may wonder why to implement a business process service is required complex and methodical approach - after all, everything can be done faster, without dividing into phases, avoiding the time-intensive work, and get you the same thing. This is partly true - you can approach the issue more specifically, but often worth spending a little time and resources to the business process was well recognized, designed and launched. It will be difficult to get the maximum benefit without considering all the issues, problems and test various alternative scenarios. The most important element of business process management is their good and comprehensive analyzing and modeling. Others will treat the new process, and other criteria are important when optimizing operating processes or changes. The same modeling and identification process should also involve the largest possible number of people and roles (for example: analyst, expert, owner of the business process), which affects the process or they are involved directly under him. Taking into account the needs, possibilities and limitations of all parties will design and launch the corresponding business process needs, wpasowanego in terms of the company and the optimum in action. Ignoring the needs of one of the parties can lead to a process that will be uncomfortable or even difficult to use, and the problems and limitations may be so severe that after some time will be decommissioned and replaced with another solution better matched, which, unfortunately, as is easily guess generate costs will be wasted valuable time in the worst case will prevent development of the company and ongoing support activities. ◾top-down (from general to specific) - specification of the business process starts with the identification of general items, then he is in ever greater detail and more defined lower level. The advantage of this approach is to focus on business needs and the subordination of specific solutions, but it requires great knowledge and the complex processes of minor errors made on a general level can generate big problems with the detailed characterization of the structure of the process. ◾bottom-up (from the particular to the general) - this approach is the opposite of the previous and the specification is to start the process and sub-components which are combined and finally form the overall business process. Makes it possible to accurately design a system with an emphasis on specific tasks, sub-processes and products, but there is some risk that the specification is too detailed, zabrnie too big detail and complicated business process that the opposite approach discussed earlier will be better for business. ◾Inside-out (spread) - is a compromise approach of focusing on major processes, identifying them in the first place and on the basis of the basic structure of the encapsulation further supporting elements, subprocesses and tasks. The problem may be the most important issue - to determine which processes and sub-processes are the most important - in the case of an error, you may find that the business process model must be modified or made from scratch, if the project is heading in the wrong direction. ◾Mixed (mixed) - You used all of the above strategies in order to achieve the best results and optimal modeling of the business process, and at the same time minimizing the impact of defects in a separate application strategy
Top-down approach, overall business strategy sets the general direction of the organisation, this is then interpreted by the different functional areas of the company (marketing, finance, operations, etc.) in their functional strategies. Top-down view of operations strategy is simplistic in the sense that it does not recognise the importance of learning through experience.
The bottom-up view of operations strategy is to see strategic decision making as an accumulation of practical experiences.
I agree with Tomasz Modrzejewski
Difference between top down and bottom up strategic management :-The top down and bottom up models of strategic management vary in terms of how a business determines its operational strategies, but show similarities in how the company identifies its overarching goals. As a small business owner, you must decide how much control you want to have over the implementation of strategies to meet overarching goals. Being honest about your own business acumen can help you decide which management model is appropriate for your company.
Top-down and bottom-up are both strategies of information processing and knowledge ordering, used in a variety of fields including software, humanistic and scientific theories (see systemics), and management and organization. In practice, they can be seen as a style of thinking and teaching.
A top-down approach (also known as stepwise design and in some cases used as a synonym of decomposition) is essentially the breaking down of a system to gain insight into its compositional sub-systems. In a top-down approach an overview of the system is formulated, specifying but not detailing any first-level subsystems. Each subsystem is then refined in yet greater detail, sometimes in many additional subsystem levels, until the entire specification is reduced to base elements. A top-down model is often specified with the assistance of "black boxes", these make it easier to manipulate. However, black boxes may fail to elucidate elementary mechanisms or be detailed enough to realistically validate the model. Top down approach starts with the big picture. It breaks down from there into smaller segments.
A bottom-up approach is the piecing together of systems to give rise to more complex systems, thus making the original systems sub-systems of the emergent system. Bottom-up processing is a type of information processing based on incoming data from the environment to form a perception. Information enters the eyes in one direction (input), and is then turned into an image by the brain that can be interpreted and recognized as a perception (output). In a bottom-up approach the individual base elements of the system are first specified in great detail. These elements are then linked together to form larger subsystems, which then in turn are linked, sometimes in many levels, until a complete top-level system is formed. This strategy often resembles a "seed" model, whereby the beginnings are small but eventually grow in complexity and completeness. However, "organic strategies" may result in a tangle of elements and subsystems, developed in isolation and subject to local optimization as opposed to meeting a global purpose.
We thank everyone for their answers. Information added to the balance
I agree with all . But, I can't give answer in detail. In my opinion, Outcome of both strategies is to make business more profitable in long run, while doing the same in the "economies of scale". It is always better to mix "bottom-up’ ----take opinion from the bottom, the real hard people, who are always behind in running any business------with "Top- Down"-----who has some new method to run it----- to get the goal in any set period of time. Need to remember the first is "Bottom-Up".
I would like to repeat your answers: Mr. Divyesh Patel.
Appreciate all good answers.
i agree with Mohd Asif answer.
top down and bottom up are completely different in their strategies, their desired result is exactly the same – to pick out the stocks which are guaranteed to deliver the best returns.
The top down approach focuses on the “big picture” or macro-economics. An investor who favours the top down approach would focus on economic variables such as interest rate movements or inflation.
By contrast, bottom up investing is all about the detail, or the smaller picture. Investors are likely to be attracted to a particular stock through breaking news such as a takeover deal or a hot tip. They then study that company’s credentials such as its competitive position and how well its books are balanced before deciding whether or not to invest. A bottom up investor would be unlikely to be swayed by economic conditions, instead focusing on whether a particular company would offer good returns.
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