If I set my thermostat to its lowest setting will my air conditioner cool my home faster?

Absolutely not because your unit has a certain tonnage so when u lower the thermostate it will cool at same speed since its capacity is same but it will take more time to reach lower temperature as per thermostat settings.

If you want to cool room faster the best way is to increase the fan speed.

no if you set the thermostat on16 c or24 c  the room will reach24 c at the same time

No,

if you set below21 c  its mean you ac will work continue without rest,

it's harmful for your ac,so always set your thermostat above21c for long life of your home ac.

Definitely. No If you want to cool room faster Increasing the air SPEED tends to give a cooling effect on the human body.

Setting it to a lower setting just means the Compressor will run till the set temperature is achieved but the rate of cooling will always depends on Heat Load and Tonnage of the AC System.