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Knowledge management (KM) is the process of capturing, developing, sharing, and effectively using organisational knowledge.[1] It refers to a multi-disciplined approach to achieving organisational objectives by making the best use of knowledge.[2]
An established discipline since1991 (see Nonaka1991), KM includes courses taught in the fields of business administration, information systems, management, and library and information sciences (Alavi & Leidner1999).[3][4] More recently, other fields have started contributing to KM research; these include information and media, computer science, public health, and public policy.[5]Columbia University and Kent State University offer dedicated Master of Science degrees in Knowledge Management.[6][7]
Many large companies, public institutions and non-profit organisations have resources dedicated to internal KM efforts, often as a part of their business strategy, information technology, or human resource management departments.[8] Several consulting companies provide strategy and advice regarding KM to these organisations.[8]
Knowledge management efforts typically focus on organisational objectives such as improved performance, competitive advantage, innovation, the sharing of lessons learned, integration and continuous improvement of the organisation.[9] KM efforts overlap with organisational learning and may be distinguished from that by a greater focus on the management of knowledge as a strategic asset and a focus on encouraging the sharing of knowledge.[2][10] It is an enabler of organisational learning.
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