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For an area of the flood plain, there are a few dams which can be constructed to protect against flooding.
1. Detention Dam: A detention dam retards the flow in the river on its downstream during floods by storing some flood water. Thus the effect of sudden floods is reduced to some extent. The water retained in the reservoir is later released gradually at a controlled rate according to the carrying capacity of the channel downstream of the detention dam. Thus the area downstream of the dam is protected against flood.
2. Gravity Dam: A gravity dam is a massive sized dam fabricated from concrete or stone masonry. They are designed to hold back large volumes of water. By using concrete, the weight of the dam is actually able to resist the horizontal thrust of water pushing against it.
3. Rockfill Dam: A rockfill dam is built of rock fragments and boulders of large size. An impervious membrane is placed on the rockfill on the upstream side to reduce the seepage through the dam. The membrane is usually made of cement concrete or asphaltic concrete.
In my oppinion areas where there is prone to flood shall be raised by land filling if it is economical.If that method is not suitable we have to construct retaining wall around it and ensure proper draining of flood water.Making proper trenches all round the structure would also help in preventing flood.
The above methods if not effective try using water pumps to drain water at times of flood.
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