What is the most effective mode or (method) to move large quantities of cargo over long distances and short distance ?

The most effective way of moving / shipping large quantities over long distances will depend on a couple of factors: Volume, Weight, and how urgent the materials are needed. For short distances, land freight would be the most commonly used. However, for long distances the best method would be sea freight & land freight unless the materials are needed urgently where airfreight would be prefered.