Why are so many companies changing their logos to flat designs?

Flat design is the new trend in design generally. Just keep everything simple, no gradients, no shadows, no bevels, just simple lines and shapes, so more easier for the eye to "digest" the design.

Because it is aesthetically appealing and focuses on the purpose of the company without any extra lines and unnecessary added dimension.

More or less that's named as minimalism, which is nothing new in fact and you can check that in history of art and design. Today, this is very actual and important, because the value and especially way how one is receiving information, is dramatically change if we compare for example the time before internet, of even the time the gadgets or smartphones appear. But of course, some of these companies which are changing the logos, want simply to be modern - and word "modern" mean that the next year their new logo will be not modern.

because colorfull logos & logos that have gradients are in compatible for plotting & similar jobs, like if any logo has gradient it can not be cut, can not be plotted, so the company only use them for print or on website, if they want to make 3D sign of logo it is not possible, they want to plot it it is also not possible,

Web design, like any other visual medium, goes through phases. It's no different than paintings styles. But a lot of what you see in design now has to do with the progression of the internet itself.In early web design, in the late 1990s, the web was just black text on a grey background. Very few images were used, because download speed for dialup at the time was only 14Kbps. (compared to today's 1GB per second!)

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Flat Design is a style and orientation in the field of visual design that draws its ideas from the physical simulation of skeuomorphism. The use of simple designs free from the effects of objects and colors often used are vivid colors, often accompanied by designs of modern Internet sites. As if we were designing a note-writing interface quite similar to the real notebook.

To understand the flat design, we must understand the philosophy of the previous design, which was created specifically as a revolution, namely the philosophy of real design. Realistic design is based on attention to visual detail to produce a design similar to what is actually expressed.

The real design of the early 1980s is due to the fact that the first user interfaces designed by Apple in 1984 were based on a desktop and icons similar to real files and pieces of paper, and given that at that time the user interface was completely new , This design was very valuable to the user, because it helped the user to create a visual link between something he knows really well and something else new and unfamiliar and karmic.

The aesthetic of this style, which Google later "democratized" has made it undisputed design trend prevailing in the world of the web since 2013, and may not be excluded, this tendency may quickly disappear as its predecessors, despite the initial impression among the public designers and the early rush towards this method by large companies Which may enhance the confidence that this method is found to endure, it reflects in the eyes of some philosophy of simplistic integrated and not just a whimsy aesthetic passing.

The flat design is often based on two or three colors at the most close and luxurious.