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1. Rational Persuasion: trying to convince someone with reason, logic or facts
2. Inspirational Appeals: trying to build enthusiasm by appealing to others' emotions, ideals or values
3. Consultation: getting others to participate in planning, making decisions, and changes
4. Ingratiation: getting someone in a good mood prior to making a request
5. Personal Appeals: referring to friendship and loyalty when making a request
6. Exchange: making express or implied promises and trading favors
7. Coalition Tactics: getting others to support your effort to persuade someone
8. Pressure: demanding compliance or using intimidation threats
9. Legitimating Tactics: basing request on one's authority or right, organizational rules or policies, or express or implied support from superiors
Thank you mr. Al Yazouri for a well described answer
Influence use is explored in a variety of organizational contexts, including influencing upward, downward, laterally, and in a team. Team members are taught how to cooperate, negotiate, and create alliances. Interactive role-plays, demonstrations, and one-on-one feedback and coaching enable each individual to practice these skills.
Impact
That power has the potential to influence others, but only if it is being used in the right manner. Research has shown that various influence tactics convert power into actual influence. These are specific behaviors that power holders use to affect others. These tactics include the following:
Your base of power determines what form of influence tactics you would be able to use in order to grab the attention of others. Someone with coercive power might gravitate towards assertiveness, someone with referent power might gravitate toward integration, and someone with expert power might try rationality.
As you can guess, the use of influence tactics is also dependent upon which you are just trying to influence- subordinates, peers, or superiors. Subordinates are more likely to be the recipients of assertiveness than peers or superiors. Exchange, ingratiating, and upward appeals are favored tactics for influencing both peers and subordinates.
Which influence tactics are most effective? Research has show that upward influence attempts directed towards superiors to be the most effective. At least for men, using rationality as an influence tactic was associated with receiving better performance evaluation, earning more money, and experiencing less work stress. As for women who used integration as an influence tactic received the highest performance evaluations from male managers.
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