Hi,
There are many new features in sharepoint 2010, I can recommend you a reference to study the list of features from Microsoft site as mentioned below:
http://office.microsoft.com/en-us/sharepoint-server-help/what-s-new-in-microsoft-sharepoint-server-2010-HA010370058.aspx
Currently, SharePoint 2013 is released so you can also go through enahncements in SharePoint 2013from the following link
http://office.microsoft.com/en-us/support/whats-new-in-microsoft-sharepoint-server-2013-HA102785546.aspx
