I have a file to which the user has access, but he has no folder permission to read it. can he access it ?

Yes you can access the file which overrides the folder permission.

However, if you want to access the file via folder then you might not be able to access folder hence cant access the file so ultimately you will have to access the file directly, example given to understand further.

\\ServerName\Folder   >>>>> you cant access the file in that way

\\ServerName\Folder\filname.txt  >>>>> by typing this you can access directly.

It is possible for a user to navigate to a file for which he does not have folder permission. This involves simply knowing the path of the file object. Even if the user can’t drill down the file/folder tree using My Computer, he can still gain access to the file using the Universal Naming Convention (UNC). The best way to start would be to type the full path of a file into Run… window.

file permission override the folder permission .

he still can as file permission override the folder permission

Yes you can access the file which overrides the folder permission.

However, if you want to access the file via folder then you might not be able to access folder hence cant access the file so ultimately you will have to access the file directly, example given to understand further.

\\ServerName\Folder   >>>>> you cant access the file in that way

\\ServerName\Folder\filname.txt  >>>>> by typing this you can access directly.