How do you find valid hosts in a subnet?

To determine the valid hosts in a subnet make all bits of host portion 1's then convert  binary to decimal and sum all decimal values this will be the total number of hosts  now add -2 the result will be the valid hosts.

There are a lot of ways, one of them is to determine the host portion and make it all bits of host portion zeros then add 1 the result is the first valid host, and to find the last valid host make all bits of host portion 1's this will be the broadcast address now add -1 the result will be the last valid host IP.

 

There are another way similar to this using calculating what we call the block size

if you want to check the connected hosts please check your routing table or bindings A 255.0.0.0 First 8 bits Last 24 bits 16, 777, 21616, 777, 214 B 255.255.0.0 First 16 bits Last 16 bits 65,53665,534 C 255.255.255.0 First 24 bits Last 8 bits 256254