Perception of limited demand, lower price, oppurtunity cost, obsolete, obsolete/spoil, pilferage

3. Push Strategy.

The conditions mentioned in the questions are related to the failures of Push strategy. As in Push strategy manufacturing is done on the basis of projected production plan and anticipated future demand. If it goes wrong it will lead to these things. 

Option3) is answer <<<<<<<<<<<<<

3)Too much inventory

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limited demand, lower price, oppurtunity cost, obsolete, obsolete/spoil, pilferage

are symptoms of 

3)Too much inventory

......................i agree with answer3

it could be 1) Not enough inventory OR 4)Value chain