How many types of Safety in construction and how many types of safety inspections ?

There is a single type of safety in construction but we can divide it in the departments to manage it well:

Fire Fighting, Compliance Inspectors, Traffic Control, Leed, Environment specialist, Occupational Health Specialist

And regarding the types of monitoring, there is two types of monitoring:

Active Monitoring

Safety inspections, Safety Sampling, Safety Surveys, FMEA, HAZOP etc. Those are conducted before any unwanted incident occurs to maintain the standards and to check the pattern and trends.

Reactive Monitoring

Accident history, Accident investigations, Risk Assessments Records, Monitoring records etc. But the bad thing in this system is that it measures the failures and it is the reaction of any accident which already has occurred.

Safety means safety, I do not think there type of safety in construction. There are some steps like developing the safety policy and procedures, train the personnel, motivate them then audit for the implementation effectiveness. Some time we penalize the personnel not following safety rules.