What's the difference between production and quality?

Production is a process flow while quality is a standard

Production is measured by productivity which can be defined as the ratio of total output to total input (raw materials, man-hours, capital cost, etc.). Quality is a measure of excellence and can be defined as the overall performance (reliability, durability, serviceability, etc. ) as compared to customer expectations. There is a positive correlation between the two in any business environment. 

Better quality sets the product apart and increases sales. It also results in lesser defects, increases production efficiency, reduces replacement/repair costs and increases overall customer satisfaction. The decrease in defects and repair costs decreases the input cost and increases the overall productivity. In fact, better quality serves as the best advertisement (through word-of-mouth advertising by satisfied customers) and decreases the cost incurred in sales/marketing. In manufacturing industry, quality can also be enhanced by use of computers and machines (instead of manual operation). In such a manufacturing environment, standardization and precision will likely reduce production time and defects and enhance productivity.

Simply put, Production means the action of making or manufacturing from components or raw materials, or the process of being so manufactured; on the other hand Quality is about meeting the needs and expectations of customers for that particular product.

You can have better understanding about the aspects of Production and Quality Control here.