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Quality Planning Identifying which quality standards are relevant to the project and determining how to satisfy them. Although it usually occur during planning phase, it can occur during execution if there is a change.
Quality Assurance Applying the planned, systematic quality activities to ensure that the project employs all processes needed to meet requirement. (e.g. evaluating overall project performance regularly)
Quality Control Monitoring specific project results to determine whether they comply with relevant quality standards and identifying ways to eliminate causes of unsatisfactory performance.
Project Quality Management – processes, procedures, policies required and followed to ensure that the project will satisfy the needs for which it was undertaken.
Quality the degree to which a set of inherent characteristics fulfill requirements. Quality is planned, designed and built in – not inspected in.
Input: Major input to quality management is to turn stakeholder needs wants and expectations into requirements through Stakeholder analysis performed during Project Scope Management.
Grade is a category assigned to products or services having the same functional use but different technical characteristics. (a limited number of features). Low Grade is not a problem – low quality (many bugs) is a problem
Precision – Consistency is value of repeated measurements having fine cluster and little scatter. Accuracyis a correctness of how close is measured value to true value.
4 Pillars of Quality Management: customer satisfaction, Prevention over inspection, Management responsibility, Continuous Improvement.
Quality – Is planned, designed and built in, not inspected in.
Joseph Juran – Quality – Fitness of Use
Edward Deming – Quality Improvement – “14 steps to TQM”, Plan, Do, Check and Act
Philip Crosby – Quality – COPQ, “Conformance to requirements”, Advocated Prevention over inspection and “Zero Effects”.
Action for ensuring Quality
1. Review the project charter and project scope statement
2. Ask customer what is his definition of quality
3. Identify any quality standards that are applicable to the project
4. Identify the desired levels of performance in the product
5. Identify level of control for the project
6. Set standard to reach to that level of performance
7. Decide what will you to to ensure processes are followed and standards are met
8. Meetings, reports, measurements, calculations.
9. Perform QA
10. Perform QC
Quality Planning: Key inputs are Quality Policy, rules, govt regulation, procedures, scope statement etc. Project Scope statement provide info on major project deliverables, project objectives, requirements, thresholds and acceptance criteria. If thresholds are exceeded it will require action from the project management team. Acceptance criteria include performance requirement and essential condition that must be achieved before project deliverables are accepted. The result of deliverables satisfying all acceptance criteria implies that the needs of the customer have been met and further formal acceptance during scope verification validates that the acceptance criteria have been satisfied.
TT of Quality Planning:
1. Cost Benefit Analysis
2. Benchmarking: Comparing practices of other projects. Provides a standard to measure performance (time consuming). (e.g. investigating quality standards that other companies are using)
3. Cost of quality – All work to ensure conformance to requirements + nonconformance to requirements. Like audit, training, rework, COPQ. It is total cost incurred in preventing NCs to requirements, appraising the product etc. It includes Prevention Costs (training), Appraisals Costs (inspection/testing) and Internal (scrap, rework)/External (warranty) Failure costs
4. Additional Quality tools: like brainstorming, affinity diagram, force field analysis, nominal group techniques, matrix diagrams, flowcharts, and prioritization matrices.
5. Design of experiments – is a statistical method that helps identify which factors might influence specific variables. A statistical method to identify the factors which influences specific variables of a product/process and optimizes the product/process. The aspect of this technique is to provide a statistical framework for systematically changing all the important factors
Output of Quality planning
1. Quality Management Plan – it describes how the PM team will implement the performing organization’s quality policy. Provides input to the overall project management plan and must address Quality Control, Quality Assurance and continues process improvement for the project.
2. Process improvement Plan – Subsidiary of PMP, it details the steps for analyzing processes that will facilitate the identification of waste and non value added activity, it includes: 1. Process boundaries (describes the purpose, start and end of processes, input/output, owner and stakeholder) 2.Process configuration (flowchart of the process) 3.Process metric (maintain control over status of the processes) 4.Targets for improved performance.
3. Quality Metrics – Defines what something is and how to measure it.
4. Quality Baseline: records quality objective of the project.
Perform Quality Assurance:
Inputs: QMP, Quality metrics, PIP, Work performance information, Quality control measurements.
TT: Quality Planning TT, Quality Audits, process anal, Quality Control TT
Quality Audit: objective is to identify ineffective policy, procedure, processes in use on the project, performed by auditors and can confirm implementation of approved CRs, CA, PA and defect repairs. It also creates LLs
Process analysis: follows PIP to identify needed improvement and create preventive. It includes root cause analysis
Checklist: Used to verify that a set of required steps has been performed in quality control process
Perform Quality Control: involves monitoring specific project results to determine whether they comply with relevant QMS and are in control and identify ways to eliminate the causes of unsatisfactory results.
Project management team should have working knowledge of statistical quality control, especially sampling and probability to help evaluate QC outputs.
Following pairs useful to know:
· Prevention (keeping errors out of the process) and inspection (keeping errors out of the hands of the customer).
· Attribute Sampling Measures whether or not the results conform to specifications andVariable Sampling is the result on a continuous scale that measures the degree of conformity.
· Variable Sampling Are characteristic you want to measure (size, shape, weight, etc…). An attribute is what you are measuring. The result is rated on a continuous scale that measures the degree of conformity
· Special Cause Unusual event, Random Cause Normal process variation also know as common cause.
· Tolerance is the result is acceptable if it falls within the range specified by the tolerance.Control limit is the process in control if the result falls within the control limits
Inputs: QMP, Quality Metric, Checklists, Work Performance Information, Deliverables.
Knowledge Areas Major Processes Primary Inputs Tools & Techniques Primary Outputs QUALITY The quality 3-Pack. (3 PAC) Quality Planning Identifying which quality standards are relevant to the project and determining how to satisfy them. 1. Enterprise environmental factors
2. Organizational Process Assets
3. Project Scope Statement
4. Project Management Plan
1. Cost-Benefit analysis
2. Benchmarking
3. Design of experiments
4. Cost of quality (COQ)
5. Additional quality Planning Tools
1. Quality management plan
2. Quality Metrics
3. Quality Checklists
4. Process Improvement Plan
5. Quality Baseline
6. Project Management Plan (updates)
Perform Quality Assurance Applying the planned systematic quality activities to ensure that project employs all processes needed to meet requirements 1. Quality management plan
2. Quality Metrics
3. Process Improvement Plan
4. Work performance Information
5. Quality control Measurements
6. Approved Change Requests
7. Implemented Corrective Actions
8. Implemented Preventive Actions
9. Implemented Change Requests
10. Implemented Defect Repair
1. Quality planning tools and techniques
2. Quality audits
3. Process analysis
4. Quality control tools and techniques
1. Requested Changes
2. Corrective Actions
3. Organization process assets (updates)
4. Project management plan (updates)
Perform Quality Control Monitoring specific project results to determine whether they comply with relevant quality standards and identifying ways to eliminate causes of unsatisfactory performance. 1. Quality management plan
2. Quality Metrics
3. Quality Checklists
4. Organization process assets
5. Work performance Information
6. Approved Change Requests
7. Deliverables
1. Cause and effect diagram
2. Control charts
3. Flow-charting
4. Histogram
5. Pareto chart
6. Run Chart
7. Scatter diagram
8. Statistical sampling
9. Inspection
10. Defect repair review
1. Quality Control Measurements
2. Validated Defect Repair
3. Quality Base line (updates)
4. Recommended Corrective Actions
5. Recommended Preventive Actions
6. Requested Changes
7. Recommended Defect Repair
8. Organization process assets (updates)
9. Validated deliverables
10. Project management plan (updates)
Regards,
Saiyid
TQM- Total Quality Management makes Improvisation in Way of working.
The correct answer is the answer No. 2
The answer for this question is no: 02. TMQ.
The answer is TQM.
Total Quality Management (TQM) practices improve the quality of output
2. TQM>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
Excellent feedback from experts and worth read. TQM
sorry i'm not expert on this filed
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