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1. The development of a true science
2. The scientific selection of the workman
3. The scientific education and development of the workman
4. Intimate and friendly cooperation between the management and the men.
1. Develop a science for each element of a man's work, which replaces the old rule-of-thumb method.
2. Scientifically select and then train, teach, and develop the workman, whereas in the past he chose his own work and trained himself as best he could.
3. Heartily cooperate with the men so as to ensure all of the work being done is in accordance with the principles of the science that has been developed.
4. There is an almost equal division of the work and the responsibility between the management and the workmen. The management take over all the work for which they are better fitted than the workmen, while in the past almost all of the work and greater part of responsibility were thrown up to men,
Frederick Taylor and scientific management, including time and motion studies and a listing of Taylor's four priniciples of scientific management.
(1)Science, Not Rule of Thumb:
This principle says that we should not get stuck in a set routine with the old techniques of doing work, rather we should be constantly experimenting to develop new techniques which make the work much simpler, easier and quicker.
(2)Harmony, Not Discord:
As per this principle, such an atmosphere should be created in the organisation that labour (the major factor of production) and management consider each other indispensable.
Taylor has referred to such a situation as a ‘Mental Revolution’. Taylor firmly believed that the occurrence of a mental revolution would end all conflicts between the two parties and would be beneficial to both of them.
(3)Cooperation, Not Individualism:
According to this principle, all the activities done by different people must be carried on with a spirit of mutual cooperation. Taylor has suggested that the manager and the workers should jointly determine standards. This increases involvement and thus, in turn, increases responsibility. In this way we can expect miraculous results.
(4)Development of Each and Every Person to His / Her Greatest Efficiency and Prosperity:
According to this principle, the efficiency of each and every person should be taken care of right from his selection. A proper arrangement of everybody’s training should be made.
It should also be taken care that each individual should be allotted work according to his ability and interest. Such a caring attitude would create a sense of enthusiasm among the employees and a feeling of belongingness too.
Taylor called these elements "merely the elements or details of the mechanisms of management" He saw them as extensions of the four principles of management.
1. The development of a true science
2. The scientific selection of the workman
3. The scientific education and development of the workman
4. Intimate and friendly cooperation between the management and the men.
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