Do USB Ports on laptop operate at different transmission data rates, or all act at the same speed ?

Basm Allah Alrahman Alrahim

every laptop and pc has specification and manual , specification of USB can be changed , and you may change speed or transferred rate from the OS it self or by special program to make restriction If you want , not only USB but SATA also can differ , and PCI , and every port at any PC or laptop 

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Different Speed . USB3.0 and USB2.0 should pretty much make it clear about the port speed .