What ways there are that can help me access my localhost from my guest host on ubuntu?

The idea is using Bridge network and edit hosts file by adding new NAT IP as outing IP pointing to local server

usually new VM box do this by default I think you problem is more simple than this just try to add http:// before call the local server if you using IE 

Configure network settings as bridged mode so your vm and laptop will communicate each other

If you want to development on your VM, you should check out Vagrant it comes out of the box with a lot of settings that you can use right away. Vagrant + Docker makes a good combination

At the First you should change the Network adapter to Bridged (It seems you are choosing NAT)

Then you can give an ip to your guest machine other than 10.0.2.15 (or you can leave it if you want)

then open a browser from your host machine and type: ip-address-of-your-guest-machine/...

then it will let you to communicate

1. Stop your VM and open its settings in the VirtualBox (OSE) Manager
2. Go to the Network tab

3. Select the network mode at your choice (bridged networking or host-only) (in the below example, I'm using host-only)

   If you want to use bridged networking, you've to select the right network adapter at Name. For wired connections, you'd select something named like eth0. Wireless connections are usually named wlan0 (the numbers may vary)

4. Save the settings
5. Start the Ubuntu VM

6. When up, you can gather the IP address by running: