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Tube is measured by outside diameter, pipe is measured by inside diameter.
Pipe is identified by NB and thickness is defined by Schedule whereas
Tube is identified by OD & its thickness as BWG (Brimingham wire gauge or1/100 inch).
1st difference is that pipes have round cross-section where as tubes could have round, square or other cross-sections.
Pipe sizes are referred mainly by nominal diameter, which is neither ID nor OD but a size standardized by the initial manufacturers. In imperial/US customary system pipe size/dia is designated by NPS followed by a non dimensional number e.g. NPS1, NPS2 NPS12 etc. In SI system pipe size/dia is designated by DN followed by non dimensional number e.g. DN25, DN50 etc. Imperial system numbers are close to inches and SI numbers are close to mm. Different wall thicknesses are designated by Schedules e.g.10,20,40 etc. Pipe of same NPS number but different schedules will have same OD but different IDs depending upon the wall thickness corresponding to the schedule number.
Tube sizes are referred by their OD and wall thickness either in inches or in millimeters e.g. SA-179 tube OD3/4" and wall thickness0.0787" or SA-179 tube OD20 mm and wall thickness2 mm.
I made the answer as simple as I could. Hope this helps to differentiate between tube and pipe.
Tube
1.Lower thickness and higher ductility permits rolling into coils without high differential stress between inside and outside coil.
2.Specified by outside diameter and actual thickness in mm/inch or wire gauge.
3.Uniform thickness means less chance of tube failure due to hot spots.
4.Low roughness factor and lower pressure drop.
5.Normally used in heat exchangers and coils for heat transfer.
6.Limitation in sizes.
Pipe
1.Lower ductility makes it unsuitable to coil. Due to higher moment of inertia larger bending moment is require for the same radius. This means larger residual stress.
2.Specified by nominal bore and thickness by schedule.
3.Variation in thickness can cause hot spots and consequent failures.
4.Higher roughness factor and high pressure drop.
5.Normally used in straight length for fluid transfer
6.No limitation.
I think the word tube is just about the shape , while the "pipe" is about the application.
All of the pipes are tube , but a tube may not mention as a pipe. it could be a shell, liner , rectangular tube , stack,pipe and etc.
There can be many differences, but the key is how they are represented with respect to their dimensions. The Nominal dimensions of Tube are based on outside diameter where as the Nominal dimensions of Pipe are based in Inside diameter.
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